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In the technique of multiple access code division CDMA , users can access the channel simultaneously and share the same bandwidth. WCDMA is a spread spectrum technology [1], which expands the signals over a bandwidth of 5 MHz and is capable of carrying voice and data at the same time.

These features allow a data rate of Kbps in Release 5, and a transfer rate in the downlink of up to 2Mbps in the Release 6, which includes HSPA, and average processing speeds for file downloads of Kbps [2]. Spread spectrum is a technique used to transmit data on a bandwidth considerably larger. This higher bandwidth can be obtained by encoding information with a pseudo-random signal. The coded information is transmitted in the frequency that works for which the sender uses a much higher bandwidth than no encryption is used direct sequence.

The spreading operation is the multiplication of each bit of user data with a sequence of 8 bits of code, called chips [3,4]. WCDMA is a wide band system where the transmitted signal with a rate R is spread by combining it with a wideband spreading signal, creating a spread signal with a bandwidth W.

This SC is also employed in the uplink direction to separate every user from each other. The Node B takes in charge several tasks such as: transmission and reception of radio signals, signal filtering, amplification, modulation and demodulation of the signal and be an interface to the controller of Radio Network RNC [1]. It is the physical reference for other channels. It is used for power control, transmission and coherent detection, channel estimation, measurement of adjacent cells and obtaining the scrambling code Scrambling Code SC [2].

Despite receiving a high power level, communication can be poor because of the interference effect. In these situations, UMTS is more tolerant than GSM, rather than producing a disconnection in communication leads to a reduction in transmission rate. This fact, however, produces an additional load on the radio channel. Power level is divided into different paths which, depending on the quality of the Rake receiver included in the mobile phone , provide a greater or lesser number of signal components.

In the case of obtaining different signal delays delays , the orthogonality of the codes transmitted by a base station fades.

This causes all the signals sent by the station, and in particular the signals from other subscribers, would have a high interference. Denotes the power measured by a receiver on a physical channel communications in particular.

It is used as an indicator of signal strength as a criterion for delivery in the downlink control energy and for calculating path loss. And can only be measured once the receiver has found the dominant pilot. This value is the one that has direct effects on bit error rate.

Figure 1. Area under analysis. Measuring a WCDMA signal over the air, the antenna must be connected appropriately to the frequency band to be measured. In the UMTS cellular communication system denotes the power measured by a receiver in a specific communication physical channel. It is used as an indicator of signal strength as a criterion for delivery in the downlink control energy and the calculation of loss per path.

Figure 1 shows the area where measurements took place. Related Books Free with a 30 day trial from Scribd. Elsevier Books Reference. Germany, September Elsevier Books Reference. Related Audiobooks Free with a 30 day trial from Scribd. Bashi Sils. Views Total views.

Actions Shares. No notes for slide. Handovers - Inter frequency HO Inter frequency handover occurs between two WCDMA carriers Will be used once operator deploys its second carrier, for microcell layer or capacity purposes Handovers - Inter system HO Inter system handover occurs between 3G and 2G sites As with all handovers, accurate adjacencies will be required Coverage Optimisation As with 2G if the coverage is inadequate then the call quality will be inadequate Therefore this first stage in 3G optimisation is ensuring adequate coverage Link budgets should be used to determine both the planning targets and the drive survey level targets Note that the planning and drive survey level targets will be different It is therefore essential that the initial neighbour list is thorough, ideally with neighbours ranked in order of importance.

Pilot Pollution Optimisation There are various means of reducing pilot pollution New Sites: Additional sites may reduce pilot pollution by bringing dominance to an area before optimising for pilot pollution, always check that a new site is not about to be brought on air in the locality Antenna Downtilts: By adjusting tilts on the best servers, or worst interferers, pilot pollution can be removed Solution: 3G Scanner Survey, Analysis, Downtilts, New Sites? Total views On Slideshare 0.

From embeds 0. The focus is to analyze live indoor network performance of the proposed network within the confines of Distributed Antenna Systems DAS irrespective of discussions and modelling in the literature. Results and Analysis section summarizes findings and improvement on the two KPIs. Skip to main content. This service is more advanced with JavaScript available.

Advertisement Hide. Al-Sadoon Mohammad J. Conference paper First Online: 30 December This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access. Laiho, J.