Which monarchy was restored to the english throne in 1660

Before the Anglo-Americans began invading their territory, the grizzly bear inhabited most of the country west of the Almost people are killed on May 25, when an American Airlines flight crashes and explodes after losing one engine just after takeoff. John Merryman, a state legislator from Maryland, is arrested for attempting to hinder Union troops from moving from Baltimore to Washington during the Civil War and is held at Fort McHenry by Union military officials. His attorney immediately sought a writ of habeas corpus so Writer Oscar Wilde is sent to prison after being convicted of sodomy.

Homosexuality was A new sign of political liberalization appears in China, when the communist government lifts its decade-old ban on the writings of William Shakespeare. The action by the Chinese government was additional evidence that the Cultural Revolution was over. Live TV. This Day In History.

History Vault. Early US. Knowledge of his negotiations with France, together with his efforts to become an absolute ruler, brought Charles into conflict with parliament, which he dissolved in From then until his death he ruled alone. Charles's reign saw the rise of colonisation and trade in India, the East Indies and America the British captured New York from the Dutch in , and the Passage of Navigation Acts that secured Britain's future as a sea power. He founded the Royal Society in Charles died on 6 February , converting to Catholicism on his death bed.

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Please consider upgrading your browser software or enabling style sheets CSS if you are able to do so. His policies in the s through the s established and supported the Restoration colonies : the Carolinas, New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania.

All the Restoration colonies started as proprietary colonies , that is, the king gave each colony to a trusted individual, family, or group. The port of colonial Charles Towne, depicted here on a map of North America, was the largest in the South and played a significant role in the Atlantic slave trade. To that end, he issued a royal charter in to eight trusted and loyal supporters, each of whom was to be a feudal-style proprietor of a region of the province of Carolina.

These proprietors did not relocate to the colonies, however. Instead, English plantation owners from the tiny Caribbean island of Barbados, already a well-established English sugar colony fueled by slave labor, migrated to the southern part of Carolina to settle there. As the settlement around Charles Town grew, it began to produce livestock for export to the West Indies.

In the northern part of Carolina, settlers turned sap from pine trees into turpentine used to waterproof wooden ships. Political disagreements between settlers in the northern and southern parts of Carolina escalated in the s through the s and led to the creation, in , of two colonies, North and South Carolina.

The southern part of Carolina had been producing rice and indigo a plant that yields a dark blue dye used by English royalty since the s, and South Carolina continued to depend on these main crops. North Carolina continued to produce items for ships, especially turpentine and tar, and its population increased as Virginians moved there to expand their tobacco holdings.

Tobacco was the primary export of both Virginia and North Carolina, which also traded in deerskins and slaves from Africa. Slavery developed quickly in the Carolinas, largely because so many of the early migrants came from Barbados, where slavery was well established. By the end of the s, a very wealthy class of rice planters who relied on slaves had attained dominance in the southern part of the Carolinas, especially around Charles Town. By , South Carolina had a black majority because of the number of slaves in the colony.

The legal basis for slavery was established in the early s as the Carolinas began to pass slave laws based on the Barbados slave codes of the late s. These laws reduced Africans to the status of property to be bought and sold as other commodities. As in other areas of English settlement, native peoples in the Carolinas suffered tremendously from the introduction of European diseases.

Despite the effects of disease, Indians in the area endured and, following the pattern elsewhere in the colonies, grew dependent on European goods. Local Yamasee and Creek tribes built up a trade deficit with the English, trading deerskins and captive slaves for European guns.

English settlers exacerbated tensions with local Indian tribes, especially the Yamasee, by expanding their rice and tobacco fields into Indian lands. Worse still, English traders took native women captive as payment for debts. The outrages committed by traders, combined with the seemingly unstoppable expansion of English settlement onto native land, led to the outbreak of the Yamasee War — , an effort by a coalition of local tribes to drive away the European invaders.

This native effort to force the newcomers back across the Atlantic nearly succeeded in annihilating the Carolina colonies. The Yamasee War demonstrates the key role native peoples played in shaping the outcome of colonial struggles and, perhaps most important, the disunity that existed between different native groups. New Amsterdam was officially reincorporated as New York City in , but alternated under Dutch and English rule until The English takeover of New Netherland originated in the imperial rivalry between the Dutch and the English.

During the Anglo-Dutch wars of the s and s, the two powers attempted to gain commercial advantages in the Atlantic World. The colony and city were renamed New York in his honor. The Dutch in New York chafed under English rule. However, at the end of the conflict, the English had regained control. The Duke of York had no desire to govern locally or listen to the wishes of local colonists.

The English continued the Dutch patroonship system, granting large estates to a favored few families. The largest of these estates, at , acres, was given to Robert Livingston in The Livingstons and the other manorial families who controlled the Hudson River Valley formed a formidable political and economic force. Eighteenth-century New York City, meanwhile, contained a variety of people and religions—as well as Dutch and English people, it held French Protestants Huguenots , Jews, Puritans, Quakers, Anglicans, and a large population of slaves.

As they did in other zones of colonization, native peoples played a key role in shaping the history of colonial New York. After decades of war in the s, the powerful Five Nations of the Iroquois, composed of the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca, successfully pursued a policy of neutrality with both the English and, to the north, the French in Canada during the first half of the s.

This native policy meant that the Iroquois continued to live in their own villages under their own government while enjoying the benefits of trade with both the French and the English. The Restoration colonies also included Pennsylvania, which became the geographic center of British colonial America.